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Three - (-) Catechin-O-Rhamnosides from the Eastern Nigeria Mistletoe with Potent Immunostimulatory and Antioxidant Activities
Omeje Edwin Ogechukwu, Osadebe Patience Ogoamaka, Akira Kawamura, Amal Hassan, Abdessamad Debbab, Esimone Charles Okechukwu, Nworu Chukwuemeka Sylvester, Nwodo Ngozi and Proksch Peter
In an attempt to provide further convincing evidence for the variously reported immunomodulatory potentials of mistletoes, bioassay-guided fractionation of the eastern Nigeria mistletoe afforded three compounds: - (-) catechin- 7-O-rhamnoside (1), - (-) catechin-3-O- rhamnoside (2) and a 4′-methoxy-7-O-rhamnoside (3). Their effects on C57BL6 mice splenocytes proliferation and expression of CD69 molecule were determined using flow cytometry techniques and compared to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 μg/ml) and Concanavalin A (ConA; 2 μg/ml) as standards. The antioxidant study was by the DPPH model with ascorbic acid as standard. The compounds (1-3) at 100 μg/ml showed statistically significant (p