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概要

State of Care of Venous Thrombembolic Disease at an Emergency Centre in Sub-Saharan Africa: Case of the Yaoundé Emergency Centre in Cameroon Over the Past 5-Years

Chris Nadège Nganou-Gnindjio; Hamadou B1, Guirbai J; Ananfack G1, Kamdem F4,5, Ndongo Amougou SL1,6, Tiwa Meli DL1, Ndobo-Koe V1,2, Menanga AP1,7, Kingue S1,

Introduction: Venous Thromboembolic Disease (VTE) is a common pathology responsible for a significant morbidity and mortality. We aimed to study its epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects in adults hospitalised in the Yaoundé Emergency Centre, Cameroon.

Methodology: Eligible patients presenting from the information system from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2020 were identified retrospectively from the Yaoundé Emergency Centre (Yaoundé, Cameroon). Age, sex, diagnosis, therapeutics, prognosis factors were recorded. VTE was confirmed from archived diagnostic imaging. Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS 23 software.

Results: VTE was confirmed in 112 of 7847 patients indicated hospital prevalence at 1.4%. On the 112 files, 98 were retained because of completed files. The mean age was 57.60 ± 15.36 years. Females were in the majority (64.3%). Dyspnea was the most frequent reason for consultation (49.0%),VTE was isolated in 13 patients (13.3%). Isolated Pulmonary embolism was demonstrated in 73 patients (74.5%) and was predominantly bilateral (67.7%). Treatment consisted mainly of low molecular weight heparin (96.9%) and rivaroxaban (80.6%). In-hospital mortality was 13.3%. Syncope or discomfort on entry was the independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality, and the prescription of rivaroxaban was a protective factor in the onset of death during hospitalisation.

Conclusion: The estimated hospital prevalence of VTE at the Yaoundé Emergency Centre was 1.4%, and the intrahospital mortality rate of 13.3%. There is a need for prospective and multicentre researchs and intensification of population education on symptomsand risks factors of VTE disease to allow an early consultation.

Keywords: Venous thromboembolic disease; Deep vein thrombosis; Pulmonary embolism; Epidemiology

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