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Pattern of Adulthood Hematological Malignancies in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Khan S, Mir A, Khattak BR, Khan SN, Iqbal K and Malik SN
Objective: To evaluate the frequency of adulthood hematological malignancies in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa population.
Material and Method: Descriptive observational study was conducted at diagnostic laboratory Rehman Medical Institute (RMI) and Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar Pakistan, from December 2014 to December 2017. A total of 571 adult patients who suspected to have Hematological malignancies were included in the study. All these patients were examined in clinics by different physicians and referred to pathology department for bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy. Two ml of peripheral blood was collected in EDTA vacutainer tube and complete blood count, retic count along with peripheral film examination was done. Bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy samples were taken from all patients. Aspiration and trephine biopsy slides were examined and further immunohistochemistry and flowcytometry was done for complete diagnosis. All data was recorded, analyzed and presented in tables.
Results: Out of 571 suspected patients, 259 adult patients were diagnosed with different types of hematological malignancies. Out of total 186 (71.8%) were male and 73 (28.2%) were female. The age ranges of studied population were from 18 to 84 year with average age of 46.21 years. Out of them 96 (37.1%) were diagnosed with myeloid hematological malignancies and 163 (62.9%) were diagnosed with lymphoid hematological malignancies. Acute myeloid leukemia (22.3%), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (21.6%) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (18.9%) were more prevalent hematological malignancies in this region while plasma cell leukemia, polycythemia rubra vera and hairy cell leukemia were least common hematological malignancies were found in adults. The frequencies of other hematological malignancies were lymphoma (10.4%), multiple myeloma (9.7%), chronic myeloid leukemia (7.3%), primary myelofibrosis (2.7%), Myelo dysplastic syndrome (2.7%) and essential thrombocythemia (1.1%) in total hematological malignancies.