植物病理学および微生物学ジャーナル

概要

Emerging and Reemerging Diseases of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Major Production Areas: In the Case of Ethiopia

Endriyas Gabrekiristos*, Mulatwa Wondimu

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the important cash crops to Ethiopian smallholder farmers and an important agricultural commodity which contribute to export earnings. A total of twenty five common bean diseases were recorded in Ethiopia and this high value crop is constrained by Anthracnose, Rust, Web blight, Angular leaf spot, Leaf blight, Floury leaf spot, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium wilt, Sclerotium rolffsii, Common bacterial blight, Halo blight, Common bean mosaic virus and Root rot nematode. Among these diseases the major one is Anthracnose, Rust, common bacterial blight and Halo blight causing 100%, 85%, 62% and 45% yield loss respectively. However the newly emerging and the status of existing diseases were frequently changing based on climate variability. Except rust, anthracnose, halo blight and common bacterial blight is seed borne and easily spread long distance by seed. Use of seed from unknown source and importing common bean seed without inspection has an impact on countries economy. Common bean diseases can be managed by cultural, chemical and host resistance. Reducing initial inoculum source by field sanitation, burning of crop residues, crop rotation and planting healthy seed is among common bean diseases management. Disease free seed and resistant/tolerant planting materials is a source of common bean disease management options and reduce the distribution of seed borne diseases to new areas. Since major common bean diseases are seed borne, the seed import should have to pass through quarantine system of the country. Studies on epidemiological element should have to be conducted to identify the biology of common bean diseases to devise management options. Any planting materials should pass through quarantine system to the county before entering to production system. The research should intensively concentrate on germplasm screening to obtain multiple disease resistant varieties to replace susceptible common bean variety. Country wide survey is important for early detection of newly emerging diseases. In this review attempt has been made to summarize relevant scientific studies on this economically important crop, Common bean diseases such as Anthracnose, Common bacterial blight, Rust, Halo blight and associated factors in Ethiopia as well as its different disease management options, challenges and future prospects.